COMPARING DEEP LEARNING AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR DETECTING FAKE NEWS ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Abstract

One of the critical issues resulting from the increasing penetration of social media is the spread of fake news. This can damage public information and influence mass opinion, leading to conflict. To overcome this problem, machine learning and deep learning-based approaches have been continuously developed to detect fake news on various social media platforms automatically. This article aims to compare the effectiveness of these two approaches in detecting fake news. The methods used include the implementation of traditional machine learning algorithms, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest, as well as deep learning-based approaches, including Long Short-Term Memory and Self-Organizing Maps. Datasets containing real and fake news from various social media sources are used to train and evaluate these models. Model performance is measured based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. This study aims to determine which approach is more effective and identify challenges in implementing these algorithms in a dynamic social media environment. The results obtained show that the Random Forest algorithm achieves an accuracy level of 100%, surpassing other algorithms, including Long Short-Term Memory with an F-1 Score of 97%, Self-Organizing Map with an F-1 Score of 96%, and Support Vector Machine with an F-1 Score of 92%.