Impact of Temperature Variation on Biodiesel Yield and Biodiesel Quality from Waste Cooking Oil Catalyzed by Sulfonated Rubber Seed Shell Activated Carbon

Abstract

The energy crisis and environmental issues have increased interest in biodiesel as a sustainable fuel. This study examined the effect of reaction temperatures, namely 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, and 70°C on the yield and quality of biodiesel produced from a simultaneous esterification transesterification reaction using a 2 %wt catalyst and a mass ratio of methanol to oil, 9:1 for 1 hour. The results showed that temperature has a crucial role in the yield and quality of the resulting biodiesel. The highest yield is 72.62%, was achieved at a temperature of 65°C, producing biodiesel that suitable to SNI 7182:2015  with a density of 875.60 kg/m³, a viscosity of 2.86 cSt, and an acid number of 0.0065 mg-KOH/g. Temperatures above 65°C decreased the yield and quality due to methanol evaporation and incomplete conversion.