Article

Antioxidant Effectiveness of Kapok Leaves Extract Moisturizer (Ceiba pentandra

(L.) Gaertn.) with DPPH Method

Afidatul Muadifah^1*, Dara Pranidya Tilarso², Amalia Eka Putri³, Momodou Salieu Sowe⁴

^1,2,3Department of Pharmacy, STIKES Karya Putra Bangsa, Tulungagung 66291, East Java, Indonesia

⁴Department of Chemistry, University of The Gambia, Gambia

Abstract

Dry skin can often cause psychological discomfort. Moisturizer is a preparation that is used to improve

dry skin. Kapok plant (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn) can be used as an active moisturizer ingredient. It can

be used as a treatment, where the chemical content in kapok leaves are flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids,

phenolic compounds, tannins, and terpenoids as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the

antioxidant activity of kapok leaf extract and moisturizer preparations with the DPPH method using a

UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the physical quality of preparations, and the antioxidant activity of

moisturizer preparations using the DPPH method. Kapok leaves extract was prepared in various

concentrations, namely 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 60 ppm. The IC₅₀value of kapok leaves extract is 67.4007

ppm, which has vigorous antioxidant activity. Then, variations in the concentration of kapok leaves

extract were put into the formulation of moisturizer preparations, and the results of moisturizer

preparations of kapok leaf extract and vitamin C met the requirements of the physical quality test. The

moisturizer preparation was continued and tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with

ascorbic acid as a comparison. The results of the IC50 value on the kapok leaves extract moisturizer

preparation are 110.065 ppm, which is classified as having moderate antioxidant activity, while the

vitamin C moisturizer preparation is 9.8417 ppm, which is classified as having extreme antioxidant

activity.

Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH Method, Kapok Leaves, Moisturizer

Graphical Abstract

*

Corresponding author

Email addresses: afidatul.muadifah@stikes-kartrasa.ac.id

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v8i1.33234

Received May 5^th2024; Accepted June 24^th2024; Available online June 30^th2024

(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 )

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Chempublish Journal, 8(1) 2024, 1-10

Introduction

because it functions as a secondary antioxidant

that captures free radicals and prevents chain

reactions. Its antioxidant activity is also very high

and easy to obtain. Moreover vitamin C is more

polar than other vitamins^[11]. Vitamin C has high

Dry skin is a problem for millions and can often

cause psychological discomfort and stress^[1].

Indonesia has a tropical climate and the most

exposure to sunlight^[2]. One of the effects of

sunlight can cause various damage to the skin

layer, in which the skin becomes dry due to the

evaporation of water on the skin's surface. Dry

skin is characterized by a rough feel on the skin's

polarity and effectively inhibits free radicals ^[12]

.

Currently, there is further scientific research

regarding the antioxidant effectiveness of kapok

leaves (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn) as

a

surface, dull scaly, and stiff ^[3]

.

moisturizer. Kapok is known to have some

bioactivity and has not been formulated in

pharmaceutical preparations ^[13]. Based on this

background, researchers are interested in

Moisturizer is a preparation used to improve dry

skin^[4]. This preparation can reduce Trans

Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) by forming a thin,

fat layer on the skin's surface as a barrier,

calming dermal nerve endings, and restoring skin

softness^[5]. Moisturizers that are in great demand

are moisturizers with natural ingredients. The

flavonoid content in moisturizers functions as an

antioxidant, so it is suitable for use as a beauty

product. A good moisturizer can moisten the skin

and act as an anti-free radical, namely with

flavonoid compounds that work as antioxidants

in moisturizer formulations^[6].

conducting

research

on

the

antioxidant

effectiveness of kapok leaves (Ceiba pentandra L.

Gaertn) in moisturizing preparations using the

DPPH method, with the hope that this research

can be developed to see the potential of kapok

leaves (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn) as an

antioxidant in moisturizing preparations

Material and Methods

Materials and Instrumentation

One plant with flavonoid compounds that have

potential as antioxidants is the kapok plant (Ceiba

pentandra L. Gaertn). The Kapok plant (Ceiba

pentandra L. Gaertn) is one of the high-ranking

plants identified as being used as a treatment, in

which the chemical content in kapok leaves

contains flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic

compounds, tannins, and terpenoids ^[7]. Natural

plant antioxidant compounds are phenolic or

Kapok leaves (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.) were

obtained from Mr. Sukimin's yard located in

Dusun Krenggan RT.02/RW.04, Ngebong Village,

Pakel sub-district, Tulungagung district, East Java

and 70% ethanol solvent (ONEMED) for extract

preparation.

hydrochloric acid (HCl) (EMSURE®), Magnesium

(Mg), 70% ethanol (ABSOLUTE), H2SO4

Mayer

reagent,

hot

water,

(EMSURE®), 10% FeCl₃, Acetone (EMSURE®),

were used for phytochemical screening. For

serum preparation, Natrosol, glycerin, DMDM

Hydantion, DMSO were provided. DPPH (2,2-

Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) powder was used for

antioxidant test. In addition, we also prepared

analytical balance (GOTO), blender (Philips), sieve

number 80, simplisia container, maceration

bottle, filter paper, hot plate (MASPION S-301),

glassware (PYREX®), tube rack, dropper pipette,

polyphenolic

compounds,

which

can

be

flavonoids, tocopherols, and polyfunctional

acids. One plant with antioxidant potential is

kapok (Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn ^[8]. Somehow, at

concentrations of 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 60 ppm

with an average IC₅₀value of 59.296 ppm so that

at that concentration, the ethanol extract of

kapok leaves can inhibit 50% of DPPH free

radicals ^[9]

.

measuring

pipette,

analytical

balance,

Antioxidants can be used to repair skin cells

damaged by free radicals and to counteract free

radicals. Antioxidants in cosmetic ingredients can

provide moisturizing and brightening effects so

that the skin does not only maintain its moisture

but looks radiant^[10]. The comparator used as a

positive control in the DPPH method is vitamin C

parchment paper, mortar and stamper, mixer,

waterbath (MEMMERT), stirring rod (PYREX®), pH

universal (MACHEREY-NAGEL), viscotester (VT-

04F Rion Co. , Ltd.), UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

(Thermo-Scientific,

Singapore),

Rotary

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Chempublish Journal, 8(1) 2024, 1-10

Evaporator (Heidolph Laborata, China), glass

object, adhesion tester, and tissue.

Antioxidant Activity of Kapok Leaves Extract and

Vitamin C. Antioxidant activity was determined

from the IC₅₀value calculated using the DPPH

method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The

viscous extract of kapok leaves (Ceiba pentandra

(L). Gaertn) was made in 500 ppm stock solution,

then made dilutions with 3 concentration series,

namely 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 60 ppm. Vitamin C

40,000 ppm (200mg/5ml) was made dilution of 3

concentration series namely 2 ppm, 3 ppm, and

4 ppm. Testing was done by pipetting 0.5 ml of

sample solution from various concentrations.

Then each was added 3.5 ml of 50 ppm DPPH in

a closed test tube and allowed to stand for 30

minutes. The solution was homogenized and the

activity absorbance was read using a UV-Vis

spectrophotometer at the optimum wavelength.

The absorbance results were used to calculate

the percent of free radical silencing and then

entered into the equation obtained from the

linear regression curve to obtain the IC₅₀value

Preparation Ceiba pentandra Leaves Extract

The extraction sample used was kapok leaves

(Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.). Samples were

taken using a random sampling method by taking

kapok leaves around Ngebong village, Pakel sub-

district,

Tulungagung

district,

East

Java.

Furthermore, the samples were sorted, washed,

sharpened, dried with an oven of no more than

60°C, dry sorting, then sieved with sieve no. 80

until the sifted powder was exhausted to get the

desired simplisia ^[14]. Simplia standardization test

includes dyring shrinkage test and simplisia.

Extraction

of

Kapok

Leaves

and

Phytochemical Screening

The extraction process of kapok leaves (Ceiba

pentandra (L.)) is carried out using maceration,

namely 500 grams of powder soaked with 3750

ml of 70% ethanol at room temperature for 5

days and occasionally cornered then the filtrate

obtained is re-macerated and filtered using filter

paper and replacement of new solvents^[15]. All

filtrates were then concentrated with a rotary

evaporator until a thick extract of kapok leaves

was obtained^[5]. Calculate the obtained yield, the

percentage of weight (b/b) between the yield and

the weight of the simplisia powder used by

weighing^[16]. Phytochemical screening tests in

this study include tannin, flavonoid, saponin and

alkaloid tests.

[18]

.

Determining the Percentage of Antioxidant

Activity and IC₅₀Value. The IC₅₀value can be

calculated based on the percentage of silencing

between the DPPH radical and the sample

solution using the equation:

)

% Inhibition = ⁽^{A Blanko - A Sample x 100%}...... (1)

A Blanko

Description:

A

Blanko

=

absorbance of DPPH radical

absorption (blank) at wavelength.

A Sample = absorbance of sample uptake in

DPPH radical at maximum wavelength.

Antioxidant Activities

Preparation of DPPH Solution: DPPH (standard)

solution with different concentrations of 40 ppm

DPPH up to 100 ppm. Determining the Optimum

Wavelength of DPPH Solution: Determining the

maximum wavelength of DPPH is conducted by

pipetting as much as 2 mL of 40 ppm DPPH

solution, put into a vial bottle that has been

wrapped in aluminum foil, and added 2 mL of

70% ethanol, shaking and then allowed to stand

for 30 minutes. Then, it was put into a cuvette

and observed for absorbance at a wavelength of

400-800 nm. The highest wavelength was

The IC₅₀of each sample concentration was

calculated using the linear regression equation

formula. Sample concentration as x-axis and %

inhibition as y-axis. From the equation:

Y = a + bx ............................................................ (2)

To determine the IC₅₀value, it can be calculated

using the formula:

(

)

IC₅₀= 50 - a / b ................................................ (3)

The parameter used for measuring antioxidant

activity is the I_C50(Inhibition Concentration 50%)

value, which is the concentration of the sample

that can reduce the DPPH radical by 50%. The IC₅₀

value is obtained from the results of inhibition

determined as the maximum wavelength^[17]

.

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Chempublish Journal, 8(1) 2024, 1-10

and concentration entered into the Microsoft

The standard formula used in this study was

Excel 2016 application ^[19]

.

modified

from

formula^[15]

.

The

standard

formulation can be seen in Table 1 and the

modified formulation can be seen in Table 2.

Moisturizer Formulation

Table 1. Standard formulation of moisturizer preparation^[15]

Formulation (%)

Ingredients

F0

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

Shallot Skin Extract

Carbopol

-

2

1

5

4

1

5

6

1

5

8

1

5

10

1

2

5

Glycerin

5

Propylen glycol

TEA

10

1

10

1

10

1

10

1

10

1

10

1

Methyl Paraben

Aquadest

0.1

0,1

ad 100

Table 2. Modified formulation of moisturizer preparation

Formulation (%)

Ingredients

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

F6

Extract

0.02

0.04

0,06

-

Vitamin C

Carbopol

Glycerin

-

1

5

-

1

5

-

1

5

0,002

1

5

0,003

1

5

0,004

1

5

Propylene glycol

TEA

10

1

10

1

10

1

10

1

10

1

10

1

DMSO

7

Methyl Paraben

0.1

01

0.1

Aquadest

Description:

ad 100

F1 : Formulation 1 with 0.02% extract concentration (20 ppm)

F2 : Formulation 2 with extract concentration 0.04% (40 ppm)

F3 : Formulation 3 with 0.06% extract concentration (60 ppm)

F4 : Formulation 4 with vitamin C concentration of 0.002% (2 ppm) as the positive control.

F5 : Formulation 5 with vitamin C concentration 0.003% (3 ppm) as positive control.

F6 : Formulation 6 with vitamin C concentration of 0.004% (4 ppm) as the positive control.

*The addition of the amount of kapok leaf extract solution and vitamin C was determined after the IC50 x 100 value was obtained.

Moisturizer Preparation

expanding, grind it first by adding TEA little by

little to form a gel base. In (Mortar 2) DMSO and

Methyl Paraben are dissolved in glycerin, stirred

until dissolved. In (Mortar 3) Kapok leaf extract is

crushed by adding some propylenglycol until the

Based on the preparation of moisturizer gel^[15]

.

The preparation of kapok leaf extract moisturizer

gel (Ceiba pentandra (L.)) was carried out by

weighing each ingredient first such as Carbopol,

Glycerin, Propylene glycol, TEA, DMSO, Methyl

Paraben and Aquadest. In (Mortar 1) carbopol is

developed with distilled water in a mortar. After

texture becomes soft and homogeneous ^[20]

.

A mixture of DMSO, Methyl paraben and glycerin

(Mortar 2) was added to the gel base (Mortar 1).

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Chempublish Journal, 8(1) 2024, 1-10

The remaining propylene glycol was added to the

Simplisia Moisture Content

base

mixture

(Mortar

1),

grinded

until

Good simplisia is in a dry condition where the

water content does not exceed 10%. The water

content test results obtained were 3.1%. The

results obtained indicate that the simplisia used

homogeneous. Next, the kapok leaf extract

(Mortar 3) was mixed into the gel base mixture

(Mortar 1) and crushed until homogeneous. Add

the remaining distilled water little by little. The gel

that has been formed is evaluated for gel

has met the predetermined requirements^[14]

.

preparation^[20]

.

Extract Yield and Phytochemical Screening

Preparation of Moisturizer

The yield is the total weight of secondary

metabolite compounds that have been extracted

from a sample. The results showed that the yield

of kapok leaf extract was 48.73%. This result

meets the requirements of the Indonesian

Herbal Pharmacopoeia, which is a yield of no less

Moisturizer from kapok leaf extract was weighed

2.5 grams and then put into a test tube. In the

test tube 5 ml of ethanol was added then the

tube was covered with black plastic. Shake the

tube until the solution is homogeneous. Separate

the solution by centrifuge for 10 minutes, filter

than

7.2%.

The

test

results

from

the

until a clear filtrate is obtained ^[21]

.

phytochemical screening of kapok leaves extract

show that kapok leaves contain secondary

metabolite compounds such as flavonoids,

alkaloids, saponins and tannins.

Physical Quality of Moisturizer Preparations

The

preparation

physical

quality

includes

test

organoleptic

of

moisturizer

test,

Antioxidant Activity Test with DPPH

homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability test and

adhesion test^[21]

.

The results of the optimum wavelength of DPPH

can be seen in Figure 1. The optimum wavelength

of DPPH solution is 505 nm with an absorbance

of 0.510. The results can be used for percentage

inhibition and determination of IC₅₀using linear

regression.

Antioxidant Activity

The prepared sample was taken 3 ml and put into

a 10 ml volumetric flask, 2 ml DPPH solution and

10 ml ethanol were added to the flask. Let it sit in

a dark place for 30 minutes. Then the absorbance

of the sample was read with

a

UV-Vis

spectrophotometer at the optimum wavelength

obtained^[21]. The IC₅₀value can be calculated

based on the damping percentage between

DPPH radicals and the sample solution.

Results and Discussions

Drying Shinkage

Figure 1. Absorbance spectrum of DPPH solution

Drying shrinkage testing in this study was carried

out by gravimetric method. In the test, it was

found that the percentage of drying shrinkage of

kapok leaves (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.) was

8.4%. It can be concluded that these results are

in accordance with the drying shrinkage test

reference for kapok leaf powder according to the

Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, which is no

more than 10%.

Antioxidant Activity

The results of the antioxidant activity test of

kapok leaf extract and vitamin C can be seen in

Table 3, which shows that vitamin C as a positive

control antioxidant has an IC₅₀value of 8.67 ppm

which is classified as very strong, while the IC₅₀

value of kapok leaf extract is 67.40 ppm which is

classified as strong. Somehow, these IC₅₀results,

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Chempublish Journal, 8(1) 2024, 1-10

kapok leaf extract has the potential as an

antioxidant, which is then formulated in the form

of gel preparations

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

50

40

30

20

y = 3.825x + 16.822

R² = 0.9947

y = 0.554x + 12,.66

10

0

R² = 0.9959

0

2

4

6

0

20

40

60

80

Concentration of vitamin C (ppm)

Sample concentration (ppm)

(B)

(A)

Figure

2.

Relationship

curve

between

concentration of active ingredient and

%

inhibition. (A) Antioxidant activity of kapok leaf

extract; (B) Antioxidant activity of vitamin C.

Table 3. Antioxidant test data of kapok leaves extract and vitamin C.

Sample

Concentration

Absorbance

Average

Sample

% Inhibition

IC₅₀(ppm)

67.40007 ppm

8.673 ppm

(ppm)

20

40

60

2

3

4

0.391

0.328

0.278

0.386

0.364

0.347

23.33 %

35.68 %

45.49 %

24.31 %

28.62 %

31.96 %

Kapok Leaves

Extract

Vitamin C

Quercetin Calibration Curve

0,2

0,15

0,1

In measuring the absorbance of total flavonoids

for the determination of the calibration curve of

quercetin at a wavelength of 450 nm, a linear

regression equation is obtained in Figure 2,

namely y = 0.001x + 0.1137. In the standard

solution, a linear relationship was obtained

between absorbance and concentration with a

correlation coefficient value of 0.9904 where the

value (R²) which is close to 1 indicates that the

regression equation is linear.

0,05

y = 0.001x + 0.1137

R² = 0.9904

0

20

40

60

80

Concentration (ppm)

Figure

3.

Linearity

curve

of

quercetin

From the calibration curve equation in Figure 3, it

can be used as a comparison to determine the

flavonoid content in kapok leaf extract, by

calculating the X value as the flavonoid content

sought and the Y value of the absorbance of the

kapok leaf extract of each concentration.

concentration with its absorbance

It can be seen in Table 4 the results of each

flavonoid content value of kapok leaf extract,

where the optimum concentration is obtained at

60 ppm extract concentration with 229.3 µg/ml.

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Chempublish Journal, 8(1) 2024, 1-10

Table 4. Flavonoid content of kapok leaves

extract

Sample

Concentration

Absorbance

Value

Flavonoid content

(µg/ml)

20 ppm

0.130

16,3

40 ppm

0.238

124,3

60 ppm

0.343

229,3

(E)

(F)

Figure 4. Physical appearance of moisturizer gel

preparations. (A) F1 = Extract concentration

0.02%; (B) F2 = Extract concentration 0.04%; (C) F3

= Extract concentration 0.06%; (D) F4 = Vitamin C

Physical Quality Test of Gel Preparations.

Organoleptic Test: The results obtained are that

from the six preparations there are no significant

concentration 0.002%; (E) F5

concentration 0.003%; (F) F6

concentration 0.004%.

=

Vitamin

C

changes;

all

formulations

have

a

form

consistency that is semi-solid and clear in color;

the preparation does not have a significant

aroma.

The pH test: The state of pH must be set in such a

way that it does not interfere with the function of

cell membranes and does not irritate the skin ^[22]

.

The pH value of the preparation that must be met

is pH 4.5-6.5 (normal pH of the skin).

Homogeneity Test: The results of the homogeneity

test on the gel preparation are homogeneous.

Spreadability Test: The requirements for

a

qualified spreadability test are 5-7 cm^[22]. The

results of the spreadability test on gel

preparations can be seen in Table 6.

(A)

(B)

Adhesion Test: The requirement for adhesion is

more than one second ^[23]. The results of the

adhesion test of the gel preparation can be seen

in Table 7.

Viscosity: The good viscosity value of the gel is 200

to 400 dPa-s^[23]. The average results of the

viscosity test on each gel preparation were 300 ±

0 dPas.

(C)

(D)

Table 5. Data from pH test of moisturizer gel preparation

Average (pH)

(Mean ± SD)

Active Ingredient

Formulation

Concentration (%)

F1

0.02

5.7 ± 0.01

Kapok Leaves Extract

F2

F3

0.04

0.06

5.7 ± 0.01

5.7 ± 0.02

F4

0.002

4.9 ± 0.02

Vitamin C

F5

F6

0.003

0.004

4.9 ± 0.03

4.8 ± 0.01

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Chempublish Journal, 8(1) 2024, 1-10

Table 6. Data on the results of the spreadability test of moisturizer gel preparations

Load (Mean ± SD)

100g

Active

Ingredients

Formulation

0g

50g

150g

200g

F1

5.1 ± 0.02

5.5 ± 0.01

6.2 ± 0.01

6.5 ± 0.05

6.6 ± 0.17

Kapok

Leaves

Extract

F2

F3

5.1 ± 0.02

5.2 ± 0.01

5.6 ± 0.02

6.2 ± 0.04

6.2 ± 0.02

6.4 ± 0.02

6.4 ± 0.17

6.6 ± 0.02

6.7 ± 0.02

F4

5.1 ± 0.17

5.5 ± 0.05

6.1 ± 0.02

6.3 ± 0.02

6.7 ± 0.17

Vitamin C

F5

F6

5.0 ± 0.05

5,1 ± 0,05

5.6 ± 0.01

5.6 ± 0.17

6.1 ± 0.17

6.0 ± 0.07

6.4 ± 0.01

6.4 ± 0.04

6.6 ± 0.05

Table 7. Adhesion test result data of moisturizer gel preparation

Result (in Second)

(Average ± SD)

4.9 ± 0.01

Active Ingredients

Formulation

Concentration (%)

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

F6

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.002

0.003

0.004

Kapok Leaves

Extract

4.8 ± 0.02

4.6 ± 0.04

4.8 ± 0.03

4.7 ± 0.04

Vitamin C

4.7 ± 0.05

Antioxidant Effectiveness Test. The results of the

antioxidant activity test of kapok leaves extract

gel preparations can be seen in Table 8. Vitamin

C preparations that serve as a comparison have

very strong antioxidant activity levels because

they have an IC₅₀value of <50 ppm, which is

9.18417 ppm. The antioxidant activity test of

kapok leaf extract gel preparations in Table 8 is

included in the moderate antioxidant category

because it has an IC₅₀value of almost close to 150

ppm, which is 110.065 ppm.

Based on the results of antioxidant activity in

Table 4 and Table 8, it is known that there is a

decrease in the IC₅₀value of kapok leaf extract

and vitamin C before and after gel preparation.

The IC₅₀value of the preparation is higher than

the IC₅₀value of the extract which means that the

antioxidant effectiveness decreases after being

made into a dosage form.

Table 8. Antioxidant activity test data of moisturizer gel

Sample

Concentration

(%)

Average

Absorbance

Sample

% Inhibition

IC₅₀(ppm)

0.02

0.413

19.02 %

Kapok Leaf

Extract

110.065 ppm

0.04

0.372

0.349

27.06 %

31.57 %

0.002

0.402

21.78 %

Vitamin C

9.8417 ppm

0.003

0.004

0.383

0.362

24.9 %

29.02 %

This study is in accordance with^[20], the IC₅₀value

of the preparation is higher than the IC₅₀value of

the extract which means that the antioxidant

effectiveness decreases after being made into a

dosage form. An ingredient that may decrease

antioxidant activity is Carbopol. Carbopol is a

strong gel base and has high acidity^[24]. Increased

acidity can affect antioxidant activity by making

phenolic compounds more stable and difficult to

release protons that can bind to DPPH,

antioxidant activity will decrease.

8

Chempublish Journal, 8(1) 2024, 1-10

To overcome the decrease in antioxidant effects,

there are several suggestions from researchers,

one of which is to add additional substances such

as BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) which is a

synthetic antioxidant that can maintain the

overall quality of ingredients by protecting active

substances, slowing down damage, rancidity, and

discoloration caused by oxidation which can be

used to maintain antioxidant effects if the

antioxidant effect decreases after becoming a

preparation^[25]. Nevertheless, the kapok leaf

extract moisturizer gel preparation produced still

has antioxidant activity which is included in the

moderate category.

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pentandra (L.) Gaertn hydroethanolic leaf

extract exhibits anticonvulsant properties in

Conclusions

Based on the results of antioxidant activity level

test data, kapok leaf extract has strong enough

activity with the acquisition of IC₅₀of 67.4007

ppm which is classified as strong. Physical quality

tests of moisturizer preparations, namely

organoleptics, pH, homogeneity, spreadability,

adhesion, specific gravity, and viscosity of

6.

7.

moisturizer

preparations

have

met

the

requirements at concentrations of 20 ppm, 40

ppm and 60 ppm. The results of the antioxidant

test of kapok leaves extract moisturizer

mouse

2022;2(2):100263.

doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100263

models.

Phytomedicine

Plus.

preparation,

the

preparation

has

good

effectiveness at the highest concentration of 60

ppm with an IC₅₀of 110.065 ppm which is

classified as moderate.

8.

9.

Anwar F, Rashid U, Shahid SA, Nadeem M.

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of kapok (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.) seed oil.

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doi:10.1007/s11746-014-2445-y

Siva Fauziah, Nova Puspita Sari. Uji Aktivitas

Antioksidan dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid

Total dari Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Kapuk

Randu (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Geartn) dengan

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by STIKES Karya

Putra Bangsa Tulungagung in the internal

research grant program for the 2024 funding

year.

metode

DPPH.

ISTA

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Rattanawiwatpong P, Wanitphakdeedecha R,

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Conceptualization, A.M, D.P.T; Methodology, A.M;

Validation, A.M, A.E.P; Formal Analysis, A.M, A.E.P,

D.P.T; Investigation, M.S.S; Data Curation, M.S.S;

Writing–Original Draft Preparation, A.M; Writing –

Review & Editing, A.M, D.P.T; Visualization, M.S.S;

Supervision, A.M, A.E.P

brightening effects of

a

topical treatment

containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry

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Conflict of Interest

Dermatologic

Sci

Cosmet

Technol.

2024;1(2):100014.

doi:10.1016/j.jdsct.2024.100014

There are no significant conflicts

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