SINTESIS PAPAN KOMPOSIT INOVATIF BERBASIS ABU INSINERATOR DAN SERBUK KAYU SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH PADAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/jop.v11i2.51409Keywords:
Abu Insinerator, Papan Komposit, Serbuk Kayu, Poliester, Sifat Fisis, Sifat MekanikAbstract
Peningkatan volume limbah padat, khususnya abu insinerator dan limbah kayu, mendorong perlunya pengembangan material alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan bernilai guna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis papan komposit inovatif berbasis abu insinerator dan serbuk kayu dengan matriks poliester, serta mengevaluasi sifat fisis dan mekaniknya sebagai solusi pengelolaan limbah padat. Proses pembuatan papan komposit dilakukan dengan metode pencampuran (mixing) menggunakan bahan utama berupa abu insinerator, serbuk kayu, dan resin poliester sebagai matriks pengikat. Campuran bahan dicetak menggunakan mesin hot press berukuran 25 cm × 25 cm × 1 cm pada suhu 120 °C dengan tekanan 25 kg/cm² selama 10 menit. Sampel yang dihasilkan kemudian diuji untuk mengetahui sifat fisis berupa kerapatan (densitas) dan sifat mekanik yang meliputi Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) dan Modulus of Rupture (MOR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi abu insinerator hingga 60% mampu meningkatkan densitas papan komposit hingga 0,9764 g/cm³ dan menghasilkan nilai MOE maksimum sebesar 1967,09 kgf/cm², yang melampaui persyaratan standar JIS dan menunjukkan kekakuan lentur yang sangat baik. Namun, nilai MOR tertinggi yang diperoleh sebesar 22,01 kgf/cm² masih berada sedikit di bawah standar JIS A 5905 untuk MDF tipe 25, mengindikasikan adanya kompromi antara peningkatan kekakuan dan kekuatan patah akibat sifat rapuh partikel mineral abu insinerator. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa papan komposit berbasis abu insinerator dan serbuk kayu berpotensi digunakan untuk aplikasi non-struktural yang memerlukan kekakuan tinggi.
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