Kata yang Bertindak: Eksplorasi Verba Aksi Bicara dalam Bahasa Bali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/kalistra.v5i2.54013Keywords:
verba aksi, semantik, verba bicaraAbstract
This study examines speech action verbs in the Balinese language, which exhibit various forms and semantic meanings. The research is motivated by the uniqueness of Balinese, influenced by social stratification and dialectal variation affecting lexical usage. The objectives are to identify the groups and types of verbs meaning “to speak” and to describe their semantic structures. A qualitative method was applied using Balinese folktales as data sources, analyzed descriptively through verb classification theory and the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach. The findings reveal five speech action verbs—mapangarah, mabesen, ngandika, matur, and ngerengkeng—which are categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of a speech target. Semantically, these verbs generally follow a pattern where X performs an action toward Y, with differences in context, purpose, and social relations of the speakers.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji verba aksi ‘bicara’ dalam bahasa Bali yang memiliki variasi bentuk dan makna semantis. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada keunikan bahasa Bali yang dipengaruhi oleh sistem sosial serta variasi dialek yang memengaruhi penggunaan leksikon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kelompok dan tipe verba bermakna ‘bicara’ serta mendeskripsikan struktur semantisnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa cerita rakyat Bali, yang dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan teori klasifikasi verba dan pendekatan Metabahasa Semantik Alami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat lima verba aksi ‘bicara’, yaitu mapangarah, mabesen, ngandika, matur, dan ngerengkeng, yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok berdasarkan keberadaan sasaran bicara. Secara semantis, verba-verba tersebut memiliki pola umum tindakan dari X kepada Y dengan perbedaan pada konteks, tujuan, dan relasi sosial penutur.
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