Instructional Pedagogical Strategies for Reading Comprehension in Elementary Schools: A Problem-Based Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/teknopedagogi.v16i1.48560Keywords:
Elementary School, Instructional Strategy, Pedagogical Approach, Reading Comprehension, Reading InstructionAbstract
Reading comprehension is a fundamental skill in primary education as it plays a critical role in supporting students’ understanding of various subject areas. However, many elementary school students still experience difficulties in comprehending texts effectively. This study aims to identify problems in reading comprehension learning and to formulate instructional pedagogical strategies to improve students’ reading comprehension. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using a survey method. Data were collected through open- and closed-ended questionnaires distributed to 81 classroom teachers of grades 3 to 6 across elementary schools in West Sumatra. The findings indicate that although students demonstrate relatively high interest in reading, they encounter difficulties in identifying main ideas, retaining information, and connecting texts with prior knowledge. These problems are influenced by monotonous teaching methods, limited instructional media, unsupportive classroom environments, and diverse socio-economic backgrounds. The results also reveal the need for more interactive, contextual, and collaborative reading instruction supported by varied pedagogical strategies. Therefore, this study proposes instructional pedagogical strategies emphasizing interactive reading activities, collaborative discussions, contextual text engagement, and differentiated reading support to enhance students’ reading comprehension. These strategies provide practical guidance for teachers in designing more effective reading instruction and fostering active student participation. The implementation of structured pedagogical strategies is expected to improve students’ reading comprehension skills and support their overall academic development in elementary education.
Downloads
References
Akyol, H., & Sural, Ü. Ç. (2021). Developing Rreading, Rreading Ccomprehension Aand Mmotivation: An Aaction Rresearch Sstudy. Egitim Ve Bilim, 46(205), 69–92. Https://Doi.Org/10.15390/Eb.2020.8977
Apfani, S. (2022). Pengaruh Media Gambar Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Deskripsi Siswa Di Kelas Iv Sdn 10 Sungai Sapih Padang Kecamatan Kuranji. In Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Dasar Dan Karakter (Vol. 4). Https://Ejurnal.Stkipadzkia.Ac.Id/Index
Apfani, S., & Padang, A. (2018). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Membaca Berorientasi Kooperatif Tipe Circ Di Kelas Iv Sekolah Dasar. 2(1). Http://E-Journal.Unp.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Jippsd
Apfani, S., & Vamaliza, D. (2024). Peningkatan Proses Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning (Pbl) Berbantuan Media Video Di Kelas Iv Sdn 39 Pasar Gompong Pesisir Selatan. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Dasar Dan Karakter, 6(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.59701/Pdk.V6i2.263
Chotimah, L. N., Ani, H. M., & Widodo, J. (2018). Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Sosial, 11(2), 120. Https://Doi.Org/10.19184/Jpe.V11i2.6457
Defi Antika, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, Linda Damayanti, Salsabila Saragih, & Muliana Fitri Lingga. (2023). Problematika Serta Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Di Kelas Tinggi Siswa Mi/Sd. Journal Of Creative Student Research, 1(3), 422–432. Https://Doi.Org/10.55606/Jcsrpolitama.V1i3.1928
De-La-Peña, C., & Luque-Rojas, M. J. (2021). Levels Of Reading Comprehension In Higher Education: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. In Frontiers In Psychology (Vol. 12). Frontiers Media S.A. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fpsyg.2021.712901
Dewi Wulandari, N., Ashari Hamzah, R., Hasanah, U., Arfaita Istiqamah, F., Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, P., & Islam Makassar, U. (N.D.). Prinsip Dasar Dan Komponen Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di Sekolah Dasar. Elementary Journal, 7(2), 2024.
Elsa Oktaviani, R. (2021). Prinsip-Prinsip Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Sd / Mi. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 7(1).
Fahmi, F., Bakhtiar, Y., Saleh, A., Fat-Han Ismail, A., Ayu Made Sri Tandewi, S., Andriani Sakinah Lubis, F., Nur Faddhila Silitonga, D., Maulina Syahidah, D., Khotibul Umam, F., Izzul Fikri Noor, M., Sabilal Muhajirin, M., Andini Sukowati, S., & Julaeha, S. (2020). Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua Terhadap Tingkat Pendidikan Anak (The Influence Of Parents Social Economic Status On Children’s Education Level) (Vol. 2, Issue 6).
Fitriani, K. (2014). Economic Education Analysis Journal Info Artikel. Http://Journal.Unnes.Ac.Id/Sju/Index.Php/Eeaj
Hendriani, M., Marfilinda, R., & Apfani, S. (2022). Pelatihan Pembuatan Soal Evaluasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Digital Di Era Disrupsi Teknologi. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 9(1), 247–255. Https://Doi.Org/10.29303/Abdiinsani.V9i1.526
Hezam, T. A., Ali, J. K. M., Imtiaz, S., Saifi, M. A., & Rezaul Islam, M. (2022). Challenges And Problems Of Reading Comprehension Experienced By Efl Learners. Journal Of English Studies In Arabia Felix, 1(2), 11–21. Https://Doi.Org/10.56540/Jesaf.V1i2.28
Ikhlasani, I., Ramadhan, S., Sihes, A. J., & Jamaluddin, N. (2023). Pengaruh Model Arcs Dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Pidato Persuasif (The Effect Of The Arcs Model And Learning Motivation On Persuasive Speech Text Writing Skills). Indonesian Language Education And Literature, 9(1), 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.24235/Ileal.V9i1.13705
Irma Suryani, A. (2022). Analisis Validitas Intrumen Lkpd Menggunakan Model Circ Pada Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Di Kelas Vi Sd. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Dasar Dan Karakter, 4(1). Https://Ejurnal.Stkipadzkia.Ac.Id/Index
Kholilah Nasution, F., Hasanah, Idatul, Munawwaroh, S., & Anandia, S. (2022). Prinsip-Prinsip Pembelajaran Bahasa. Jurnal Multidisiplin Dehasen, 1(3), 361–364.
Kim, N. J., & Kim, M. K. (2022). Teacher’s Perceptions Of Using An Artificial Intelligence-Based Educational Tool For Scientific Writing. Frontiers In Education, 7. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Feduc.2022.755914
Krawitz, J., Chang, Y. P., Yang, K. L., & Schukajlow, S. (2022). The Role Of Reading Comprehension In Mathematical Modelling: Improving The Construction Of A Real-World Model And Interest In Germany And Taiwan. Educational Studies In Mathematics, 109(2), 337–359. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10649-021-10058-9
Kunci, K., Menyimak Dongeng, K., Tangan, B., & Seri, G. (N.D.). Abstrak Nurfaizah (2020100): Peningkatan Keterampilan Menyimak Dongeng Menggunakan Media Boneka Tangan Berbantuan Media Gambar Seri Di Kelas Ii Sdn 4 Sibakur.
Mitha, E. D., & Basri, A. (2024). The Effect Of Using Flipbook Media On Imaginative Description Paragraph Writing Skills In Elementary School Students. Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 5(3), 1271–1281. Https://Doi.Org/10.51276/Edu.V5i3.920
Muhassin, M., Annisa, J., & Hidayati, D. A. (2021). The Impact Of Fix Up Strategy On Indonesian Efl Learners’ Reading Comprehension. International Journal Of Instruction, 14(2), 253–270. Https://Doi.Org/10.29333/Iji.2021.14215a
Muriyah, M., Wahyuni, S., & Saleh, M. (2023). The Effectiveness Of Online Problem-Based Learning In Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension With Different Learning Styles. Eej, 13(1), 93–104. Http://Journal.Unnes.Ac.Id/Sju/Index.Php/Eej
Nasrul, S., Suryani, A. I., & Apfani, S. (2020). Analisis Validitas Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Membaca Dalam Hati Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Dengan Strategi Ok5r Di Kelas Iv Sekolah Dasar: Vol. Vi (Issue 2).
Nurwati, R. N., & Listari, Z. P. (2021). Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga Terhadap Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pendidikan Anak. Share : Social Work Journal, 11(1), 74. Https://Doi.Org/10.24198/Share.V11i1.33642
Pristian, R., & Astuti, F. (N.D.). Pengaruh Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua, Literasi Ekonomi Dan Life Style Terhadap Perilaku Konsumsi Mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Ikip Pgri Bojonegoro.
Putri, A. R., Ardianti, S. D., & Ermawati, D. (2022). Model Scramble Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa. Jurnal Educatio Fkip Unma, 8(3), 1192–1199. Https://Doi.Org/10.31949/Educatio.V8i3.3162
Sakinah, W. P., & Ibrahim, N. (2023). Else (Elementary School Education Journal) Pengaruh Metode Sq3r Terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas Iv Di Sekolah Dasar. 7(1).
Sarika, R., Gunawan, D., & Mulyana, H. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Kelas V Di Sd Negeri 1 Sukagalih (Vol. 01, Issue 02).
Satria Kurniawan, M., Wijayanti, O., Hawanti, S., & Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, U. (N.D.). Problematika Dan Strategi Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di Kelas Rendah Sekolah Dasar.
Smith, R., Snow, P., Serry, T., & Hammond, L. (2021). The Role Of Background Knowledge In Reading Comprehension: A Critical Review. Reading Psychology, 42(3), 214–240. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/02702711.2021.1888348
Svensson, I., Nordström, T., Lindeblad, E., Gustafson, S., Björn, M., Sand, C., Almgren/Bäck, G., & Nilsson, S. (2021). Effects Of Assistive Technology For Students With Reading And Writing Disabilities. Disability And Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 16(2), 196–208. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/17483107.2019.1646821
Utami, E., Yunita, W., Kencana, N., & Hermansyah, S. (2025a). Indonesian Students’ Perspectives On Problem-Based And Multicultural Learning In Basic Reading Comprehension (Vol. 6, Issue 1).
Utami, E., Yunita, W., Kencana, N., & Hermansyah, S. (2025b). Indonesian Students’ Perspectives On Problem-Based And Multicultural Learning In Basic Reading Comprehension (Vol. 6, Issue 1).
Yang, L., Li, C., Li, X., Zhai, M., An, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., & Weng, X. (2022). Prevalence Of Developmental Dyslexia In Primary School Children: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. In Brain Sciences (Vol. 12, Issue 2). Mdpi. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Brainsci12020240
Zaim, M., & Negeri Padang, U. (2018). Peningkatan Keterampilan Berbahasa Siswa Melalui Pemanfaatan Media Teka-Teki Silang: Menciptakan Kelas Yang Menyenangkan Syahrul R (Vol. 21, Issue 2). Http://Ecampus.Iainbatusangkar.Ac.Id/Ojs/Index.Php/Takdib/Index
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sry Apfani, Ade Irma Suryani, Syahrul Ramadhan, Elfia Sukma, Norliza Binti Jamalluddin, Johari Bin Sihes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
