Impact of Daily Self-Care Schedule Intervention on Improving Self-Care Ability in Patients with Schizophrenia

Mertin Kartika Sari; Atikah Fatmawati; Anndy Prastya

doi:10.22437/jini.v6i2.48200

Authors

Mertin Kartika Sari Rumah Sakit Radjiman Wediodiningrat Mojokerto Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Atikah Fatmawati Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Majapahit, Mojokerto Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Anndy Prastya Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Majapahit, Mojokerto Regency, East Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22437/jini.v6i2.48200

Keywords:

Daily schedule, Schizophrenia, Self-care

Abstract

Schizophrenia commonly reduces self-care abilities due to positive and negative symptoms and impaired executive function, which limit independence and quality of life. A structured daily schedule is a simple non-pharmacological strategy that may support routine formation and increase patient engagement. This study aimed to examine the effect of a daily nursing schedule on the self-care abilities of patients with schizophrenia. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design was used with 35 respondents. The intervention group received a structured daily self-care schedule for six days. Self-care independence was measured using an observation sheet adapted from the Indonesian Nursing Outcome Standards (SLKI) code L.11103 (Self-Care). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results showed a significant improvement in the intervention group (p = 0.000), while the control group showed no significant change (p = 0.180). The daily schedule was effective because it provided structure, predictability, and clear expectations, allowing patients to build consistent habits and participate more actively in self-care tasks. The intervention also encouraged family involvement, strengthening external support, and reinforcing patient motivation. These findings indicate that a structured daily schedule can be integrated into psychiatric nursing practice as an effective and low-cost psychosocial intervention to enhance independence, reduce caregiver burden, and improve the quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia. Future studies are recommended to assess long-term outcomes, involve larger and more diverse samples, and explore the use of digital scheduling tools or structured family participation to optimize intervention results.

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