- Profil Fitokimia dan Evaluasi Nutrisi Kultivar Kacang Tunggak Indigenus (Vigna unguiculata L.) dari Bulukumba, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v9i2.47845Kata Kunci:
Antioxidant, bioactive compounds, proximate composition, Vigna unguiculataAbstrak
Kacang tunggak (Vigna unguiculata L.) merupakan tanaman leguminosa yang dikenal memiliki kepadatan nutrien tinggi serta potensi besar sebagai pangan fungsional. Kabupaten Bulukumba, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, memiliki dua kultivar lokal berbiji merah dan putih yang telah lama dibudidayakan dan dikonsumsi sebagai pangan pokok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi komposisi nutrisi, kapasitas antioksidan, dan profil senyawa bioaktif kedua kultivar tersebut. Analisis proksimat dilakukan berdasarkan protokol AOAC, kandungan tanin ditentukan menggunakan metode vanillin–HCl yang dimodifikasi, aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), dan senyawa bioaktif diidentifikasi melalui analisis Kromatografi Gas–Spektrometri Massa (GC–MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua kultivar memiliki kadar protein tinggi (20,47–21,03%) dan karbohidrat (43,93–51,91%), kadar lipid rendah (0,63%), serta kadar abu yang relatif setara (3,25–3,28%). Kandungan tanin pada kultivar merah (465,61 µg/g) jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan kultivar putih (130,43 µg/g). Aktivitas antioksidan kultivar merah (2.115,33 µg/g) juga secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kultivar putih (507,18 µg/g). Analisis GC–MS mengungkap keberadaan berbagai senyawa bioaktif, termasuk asam lemak (asam oleat, palmitat, dan pentadekanoat), alkohol, ester, senyawa yang mengandung nitrogen, vitamin, terpenoid, dan fenolik—banyak di antaranya dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, antimikroba, antiinflamasi, antikanker, dan kardioprotektif. Temuan ini menegaskan potensi fungsional yang lebih unggul pada kultivar merah serta mendukung pemanfaatan plasma nutfah kacang tunggak lokal untuk peningkatan gizi, kesehatan manusia, dan pengembangan pertanian berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: Vigna unguiculata, komposisi proksimat, aktivitas antioksidan, senyawa bioaktif
Unduhan
Referensi
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