PERBANDINGAN SEKURITISASI ISU PENGUNGSI DI JERMAN DAN INGGRIS, PERIODE 2015 – 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22437/jisipunja.v10i1.54057Keywords:
Jerman, Inggris, Pengungsi, Sekuritisasi, Studi KomparasiAbstract
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan membandingkan sekuritisasi isu pengungsi di Jerman dan Inggris pada periode 2015 – 2021. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan persepsi terhadap pengungsi di dua negara yang memiliki karakteristik serupa, yaitu sebagai negara anggota Uni Eropa, penganut paham liberal, memiliki komitmen regional dan internasional, dan pengalaman sejarah terhadap penerimaan pengungsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan the Most Similar System Design (MSSD) untuk menjelaskan persoalan pengungsi secara detail dan membandingkan dua negara. Fokus penelitian ini ialah perbandingan sekuritisasi pengungsi di Jerman dan Inggris periode 2015 – 2021 menggunakan teori sekuritisasi dari Buzan, Wæver, and de Wilde. Hasil kajian ini menunjukan bahwa puncak arus pengungsi terjadi pada tahun 2015 yang diterima melalui skema open door immigration policy dari Uni Eropa, dimana pengungsi memberikan manfaat berupa tenaga kerja bagi Jerman dan pajak khusus bagi Inggris. Tetapi, manfaat tersebut tidak sebanding dengan beban biaya yang harus ditanggung dua negara dalam pemenuhan fasilitas publik bagi pengungsi. Hasil kajian ini juga menegaskan bahwa terjadi pergeseran kebijakan Jerman terhadap pengungsi dan menyebabkan Inggris melakukan referendum Brexit tahun 2016.
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