Valorization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches into Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts for Esterification of Vegetable Oil

Penulis

  • Gimelliya Saragih Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia
  • Vivi Purwandari Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia
  • Nelson Silitonga Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia
  • Abdillah Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia
  • Yenny Sitanggang Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia
  • Liver Zai Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia
  • Mukhtissiarni Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v9i2.47630

Kata Kunci:

Esterification, functional material, heterogeneous catalyst, sulfonated carbon

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi karakteristik fisikokimia karbon aktif dan karbon tersulfonasi yang berasal dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) sebagai bahan baku terbarukan, dan menilai kinerja katalitiknya dalam esterifikasi minyak goreng bekas (OBL) untuk sintesis biodiesel. Karbon aktif disulfonasi melalui penggunaan asam sulfat konsentrasi tinggi (H₂SO₄) pada 7%, 10%, dan 13%, memfasilitasi penggabungan gugus –SO₃H. Berbagai teknik analisis, termasuk TGA, DTA, FTIR, BET, dan SEM, digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi bahan yang disintesis. Di antara katalis yang disintesis, karbon tersulfonasi dengan perlakuan asam 10% (SA 10%) menunjukkan karakteristik yang paling menguntungkan: menunjukkan luas permukaan 41,895 m²/g dan mempertahankan strukturnya di bawah tekanan termal, dan keberadaan gugus fungsi sulfonat yang kuat. Uji esterifikasi pada suhu 65 °C selama 2 jam menunjukkan rendemen maksimum sebesar 43,28% menggunakan 3 g SA 10%, sementara 5 g menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih rendah, yaitu 30,32%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa SA 10% merupakan katalis heterogen ramah lingkungan yang menjanjikan untuk mengubah bahan baku berbasis limbah berbiaya rendah menjadi biodiesel dalam kondisi reaksi ringan.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

Biografi Penulis

Gimelliya Saragih, Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia

Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia

Vivi Purwandari, Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia

Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia

Nelson Silitonga, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia

Abdillah, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia

Yenny Sitanggang, Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia

Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Jl. Medan Tenggara VII, Medan 20228, Indonesia

Liver Zai, Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia

Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia

Mukhtissiarni, Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia

Department of Chemistry, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Jalan Kapten Muslim No.79, Medan 20123, Indonesia

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Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2025-12-19 — Diperbaharui pada 2026-01-20

Versi

Cara Mengutip

Saragih, G., Purwandari, V., Silitonga, N., Abdillah, Sitanggang, Y., Zai, L., & Mukhtissiarni. (2026). Valorization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches into Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts for Esterification of Vegetable Oil. Chempublish Journal, 9(2), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v9i2.47630 (Original work published 19 Desember 2025)

Terbitan

Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Chempublish Journal (July - December)

Bagian

Articles