Impact of magnetite on Fe3O4/Activated Carbon (AC)/ZnO Nanocomposite for Photodegradation of Rhodamine B

Penulis

  • Restina Bemis Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia
  • Lenny Marlinda Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia
  • Rahmi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia
  • Nurul Pratiwi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia
  • Putu Adityo Wibimanyu Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia
  • Lia Anggresani Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu-Shi, Gifu, Japan ; Department of Midwifery, Syedza Saintika University, Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v9i2.47812

Kata Kunci:

Magnetite, nanocomposite Fe3O4/AC/ZnO, photodegradation, rhodamine B

Abstrak

Rhodamine B is an organic dye commonly used in the textile industry, but it is toxic. Therefore, a photodegradation method using Fe3O4/activated carbon (AC)/ZnO nanocomposite is necessary to address environmental issues caused by rhodamine B. The Fe3O4/AC/ZnO nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized using the sonication method. Iron sand is used as a source of magnetite (Fe3O4), coconut shells as a source of activated carbon, and Zinc nitrate as a source of ZnO. XRF results show that the Fe content in iron sand is 74.10%. The ratio of Fe3O4 addition used in Fe3O4/AC/ZnO nanocomposite is 0:1:1; 1:1:1; 2:1:1; 3:1:1; 4:1:1. XRD characterization shows that the 1:1:1 ratio of Fe3O4/AC/ZnO nanocomposite has the smallest crystal size of 48.17 nm. The addition ratio of Fe3O4 does not affect the structure of the formed Fe3O4/AC/ZnO nanocomposite. Fe3O4/AC/ZnO nanocomposite is formed at 2theta 30.23°; 35.60°; 57.11°; and 62.83° for Fe3O4, peak broadening at 26.72° and ~44.71 for AC, and 31.82°; 34.47°; 36.30°; 47.59°; 56.63°; 62.89° and 67.98° for ZnO. SEM results show particle sizes of 57.95 nm for ZnO and 42.74 nm for Fe3O4/AC/ZnO 1:1:1 nanocomposite. VSM showed saturation magnetism of 4.41 emu/g for Fe3O4/AC/ZnO 1:1:1 nanocomposite and 28.8 emu/g for Fe3O4. The photocatalytic test showed that the Fe3O4/AC/ZnO 1:1:1 nanocomposite had the best % degradation of rhodamine B, at 96.1%, under sunlight.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

Biografi Penulis

Restina Bemis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

Lenny Marlinda, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

Rahmi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

Nurul Pratiwi, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

Putu Adityo Wibimanyu, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Jambi, Indonesia

Lia Anggresani, Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu-Shi, Gifu, Japan ; Department of Midwifery, Syedza Saintika University, Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia

2Graduate School of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu-Shi, Gifu, Japan

3Department of Midwifery, Syedza Saintika University, Padang City, West Sumatera, Indonesia

Referensi

[1] Skjolding LM, Jørgensen LVG, Dyhr, KS, Köppl CJ, McKnight US, Bauer-Gottwein P, Mayer P, Bjerg PL, & Baun A. Assessing the Aquatic Toxicity and Environmental Safety of Tracer Compounds Rhodamine B and Rhodamine WT. Water Research. 2021; 197, 117109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117109

[2] Zilfa, Rahmayeni R, Setiadi Y, Adril A. Utilization of Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite-Ca as a Support of ZnO Catalyst for Congo-red Degradation and Congo-red Waste Applications with Photolysis. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 34(2), 887-893. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340237

[3] Das PP, Sharma M, Purkait MK. Recent progress on electrocoagulation process for wastewater treatment: A review. Separation and Purification Technology. 2022; 292:121058.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121058

[4] Silva LRd, Araujo TJR, Fonseca MTS, Santos NC, Gomes GE, Gomes JP, Araujo GT, Rocha APT. Application of Photo-Fenton Oxidative Process Followed by Adsorption in Dairy Effluents Treatment. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2024; 68: 106365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106365

[5] Priya ES, Selvan PS. Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) – An Efficient and Economic Adsorbent for Textile Effluent Treatment – A Review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2017; 10(2), 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.03.002

[6] Tashakkori Masuleh MT, Hasheminiasari M, Ashiri R. Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency of Eco-Friendly Synthesized ZnO for Rapid Full Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye. Materials Advances. 2025; 2611–2621. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ma00026b

[7] Raha S, Ahmaruzzaman M. ZnO nanostructured materials and their potential applications: progress, challenges and perspectives. Nanoscale Advances. 2022; 4(8), 1868–1925. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1na00880c

[8] Rungsawang T, Krobthong S, Paengpan K, Kaewtrakulchai N, Manatura K, Eiad-Ua A, Boonruang C, Wongrerkdee S. Synergy of Functionalized Activated Carbon and ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Carbaryl. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2024; 223 : 111924 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.111924

[9] Khalid A, Ahmed RM, Taha M, Soliman TS. Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4 @SiO2 core-shell: synthesize, structural, morphological, linear, and nonlinear optical properties. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2023; 947, 169639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169639

[10] Saflou M, Allahyari S, Rahemi N, Tasbihi, M. Oil Spill Degradation Using Floating Magnetic Simulated Solar Light-Driven Nano Photocatalysts Of Fe3O4-ZnO Supported On Lightweight Minerals. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9(4) : 105268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105268

[11] Rini NP, Zurnansyah, Larasati DA, Mahardhika LJ, Jayanti PD, Kusumah HP, Istiqomah NI, Tumbelaka RM, Asri NS, Angel J, Kato T, Oshima D, Aliah H, Kusumaatmaja A, Suharyadi E. Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Using A Reusable and Magnetically Separable Fe3O4/rGO/ZnO Nanocomposite Synthesized Through Green Approach Utilizing Plant Leaf Extracts. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices. 2024;9(4) : 100812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100812

[12] Wang Y, Gao J, Liu Y, Li M, Zhang M, He G, Sun Z. Facile Fabrication of ZnO Nanorods Modified Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Magnetic, Photoelectrochemical and Photocatalytic Properties. Optical Materials. 2021;111 : 110608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110608

[13] Hefdea A, Rohmawati L Sintesis Fe3O4 dari Pasir Mineral Tulungagung Menggunakan Metode Kopresipitasi.. Inovasi Fisika Indonesia. 2020; 9(2), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v9n2.p1-4

[14] Bemis R, Nelson, Ngatijo, Nurjanah S, Maghviroh N. Sintesis dan karakterisasi fotokatalis ZnO/karbon aktif dan aplikasinya pada degradasi rhodamin B. Chempublish Journal. 2019: 4(2), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v4i2.7936

[15] Kimiagar S, Mirazimi H. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe3O4-ZnO Nanocomposites for Removing Fluoride from Water. Progress in Physics of Applied Materials. 2024; 4(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.22075/ppam.2024.33571.1092

[16] Abharya A, Gholizadeh A. Synthesis of a Fe3O4-rGO-ZnO Catalyzed Photo-Fenton System with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance. Ceramics International. 2021; Vol. 47(9) :12010-12019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.01.044

[17] Shamsuddin MS, Yusoff NRN, Sulaiman MA. Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Produced from Kenaf Core Fiber Using H3PO4 Activation. Procedia Chemistry. 2016; 16(1), 558-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.053

[18] Hernowo A, Nurhasanah I. Kristalinitas dan Ukuran Nanopartikel ZnO yang dikalsinasi pada Temperatur 100ᵒC dan 200ᵒC. Jurnal Fisika Teori, Eksperimen dan Fisika Aplikasi. 2019, 22(4), 123-131

[19] Salem BB, Essalah G, Ameur SB, Duponchel B, Guermazi H, Guermazi S, Leroy G. Synthesis and Comparative Study of the Structural and Optical Properties of Binary ZnO-Based Composites for Environmental Applications. Royal Society of Chemistry. 2023; 13, 6287. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07837f

[20] Hoai LP, Van DN, Van KN, Thi HPP. Rational Design of Magnetically Separable Core/Shell

Fe3O4/ZnO Heterostructures for Enhanced Visible-Light Photodegradation Performance. Royal Society Of Chemistry. 2021; 11, 22317. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03468e

[21] Poonam D, Dwivedi, Indu J, Azhar UK, Azmat AK. Photoremediation of Methylene Blue by Biosynthesized ZnO/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites Using Callistemon Viminalis Leaves Aqueous Extract: A Comparative Study. Nanotechnology Reviews. 2021; 1912–1925. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0117

[22] He R, Xu, Cheng B, Yu J, Ho W. Review on Nanoscale Bi-based Photocatalysts. Nanoscale Horizons. 2018; 3(3), 464. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NH00062J

[23] Swastika PE, Hardheyanti F, Prasetyowati R, Ariswan A, Warsono W. Pengaruh Konsentrasi HCl terhadap Mikrostruktur dan Sifat Kemagnetan Nanopartikel Fe3O4 yang Disintesis dari Pasir Besi Pantai Glagah Kulonprogo. Jurnal Sains Dasar. 2021; 10(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v10i1.39141

[24] Simamora P, Krisna K. Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Sifat Magnetik Nanokomposit Fe3O4-Montmorilonit Berdasarkan Variasi Suhu. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika. 2015; 75-80.

[25] Siagian SM, Khairani S, Chrsina S, Tampubolon FR. Sintesis dan Karakteristik Sifat Optik Semikonduktor ZnO dan ZnO Dopping Cu. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Fisika. 2022; 8(1), 79-83.

[26] Astuti A, Arief S, Pebrina D. Effect of the Amount of Carbon in the Fe3O4@ZnO-C Nanocomposites on Its Structure and Magnetic Properties. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi. 2022; 362-367. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.10.362-367

[27] Raha S, Ahmaruzzaman M. Enhanced Performance of a Novel Superparamagnetic G-C3N4 /NiO/ZnO/Fe3O4 Nanohybrid Photocatalyst for Removal of Esomeprazole: Effects of Reaction Parameters, Co-Existing Substances and Water Matrices. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020. 395 (2020) 124969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124969

[28] Suprihatin IE, Murdani ND, Suarsa IW. Bentonit-Fe3O4 Sebagai Fotokatalis Dalam Proses Fotodegradasi Naphthol Blue Black Dengan Iradiasi Uv. Jurnal Kimia. 2021; 15(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2021.v15.i01.p09

[29] Jessica M, Asuka N, Fangda J, Marie Y, and Shin-ichi O. The Absorption Properties of ZrO2 Nanoparticles in the THz and sub-THz Frequency Ranges. Royal Society of Chemistry. 2024; 14, 7903–7909 | 7903. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra07970h

[30] Yang H, Wei C, Hongfei L, Minshen Z, Fuwei L, Qi X, Zengxia P, Zifeng W, Lei W, Yan H, Chunyi Z. Graphene Stirrer with Designed Movements: Targeting on Environmental Remediation and Supercapacitor Applications. Green Energy & Environment. 2018; 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2017.10.004

[31] Pham TLH, Nguyen VQ, Nguyen TH, Ha TH, Duong AT, Manh TT, Quang VT, Ta NB, Nguyen T, Van-Duong D. Efficiency Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity under UV and Visible Light Irradiation using ZnO/Fe3O4 Heteronanostructures. Solar Energy. 2023; 712-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.12.011

[32] Hasniah A, Nugraheni PR, Irfan SF, Zurnansyah Z, Larrisa JM, Putri DJ, Hafil PK, Rivaldo MT, Nurul II, Nining SA, Ryan NI, Edi S. Microstructures, Optical, Magnetic Properties, and Photocatalytic Activity of Magnetically Separable and Reusable ZnO-Doped Fe3O4/rGO Nanocomposite Synthesized Via Green Route. Carbon Resources Conversion. 2024; 100235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2024.100235

[33] Nugraheni PR, Zurnansyah Z, Dyah AL, Larrisa JM, Putri DJ, Hafil PK, Nurul II, Rivaldo MT, Nining S., Julia A, Takeshi K, Daiki O, Hasniah A, Ahmad K, Edi S. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using a Reusable and Magnetically Separable Fe3O4/rGO/ZnO Nanocomposite Synthesized through Green Approach Utilizing Plant Leaf Extracts. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices. 2024, 100812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2024.100812

Graphical Abstract

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2025-12-13 — Diperbaharui pada 2026-01-20

Versi

Cara Mengutip

Bemis, R., Marlinda, L., Rahmi, Pratiwi, N., Wibimanyu, P. A., & Lia Anggresani. (2026). Impact of magnetite on Fe3O4/Activated Carbon (AC)/ZnO Nanocomposite for Photodegradation of Rhodamine B. Chempublish Journal, 9(2), 272–286. https://doi.org/10.22437/chp.v9i2.47812 (Original work published 13 Desember 2025)

Terbitan

Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Chempublish Journal (July - December)

Bagian

Articles